Understanding the 4 Types of Editing for Your Manuscript

Imagine this scenario:

Author: "Hello! I found your website and really like what you have to say. Can I get a quote for editing a 60,000-word book?"

Me: "Thank you so much for reaching out. I would love to collaborate with you. Since each type of editing is priced differently, I need to know what service you're interested in before giving you a quote."

Author: "I didn't realize there are types of editing. What are my options?"

Me: "I have just the resource to help you." (Hint: Keep reading.)

So many authors come to me for help polishing their books, which is wonderful. However, they often believe that editing is a one-size-fits-all situation. Unfortunately, that's not the case.

The Importance of Understanding Editing Types

There are four main types of book editing, each serving a different purpose. Many authors don't need every type of editing, so there's no need to feel intimidated. Understanding these types can empower you to make informed decisions about your manuscript.

Type 1: Developmental Editing

This is a big-picture edit. Your editor will evaluate your manuscript's structure, plot, pacing, and characterization, among other elements.

You'll receive a detailed report where the editor explains their suggestions and how to improve your book. Alternatively, your editor may make in-text changes to your manuscript. This can involve rearranging paragraphs and altering the order of scenes.

A developmental edit is the most expensive type because it requires significant time and effort. A skilled developmental editor will overhaul your book and help you avoid common pitfalls like soggy middles, plot craters, and inconsistent character arcs.

Type 1.5: Manuscript Evaluation

A manuscript evaluation is similar to a developmental edit but less in-depth. It addresses larger issues with your manuscript without making in-text changes. Instead, you'll receive a report outlining the editor's observations.

Evaluations are more budget-friendly, but you won't get the same level of suggestions. This type of edit requires you to put in considerable work on your own to implement changes and develop solutions. However, it can be a great option for authors on a budget.

Type 2: Stylistic Editing

Say hello to sentence-strengthening techniques and writing advice. A stylistic edit enhances a manuscript's flow, clarity, strength, and readability. You'll notice changes in paragraph length, word choice, and transitions. This type of edit addresses writing habits that may be holding you back, such as overusing "was," passive voice, and unnecessary repetition.

With a stylistic edit, you can expect:

• In-text suggestions and rewriting (but not in the sense of ghostwriting)

• A style sheet

• Identification of inconsistencies and queries about information

• Fixing or removing awkward phrases and clichés

  
  

Stylistic edits are typically the most hands-on, meaning you'll see the most mark-ups on your manuscript.

One common misconception about stylistic editing is that it will change your voice. This is not true. A professional editor will tailor their suggestions to fit your unique voice. If they do their job well, no one will be able to tell where they altered a sentence because it will still sound like you. Essentially, a stylistic editor is a chameleon who enhances the beauty already present on the page.

Type 3: Copy Editing

When an author thinks of editing, a copy edit is typically what they envision.

Copy edits focus on the following elements:

• Spelling

• Punctuation

• Grammar

• Consistency

  
  

Essentially, a copy editor hones in on the nitty-gritty details and follows a style guide to ensure everything is consistent. They also create a style sheet if one hasn't been made already.

Expect minimal rewriting, if any. Often, the editor will only change what is incorrect rather than improve something that is technically sound.

Depending on the editor, you may receive in-text changes and comments that query inconsistent information. Some editors explain why they made an alteration, while others may not delve into grammar rules and technical jargon.

After a copy edit, your manuscript will be technically sound.

Type 4: Proofreading

The final step in your editing journey is proofreading. This step can only be completed after copy editing.

A proofreader meticulously examines your manuscript, looking for any lingering errors that may have been missed in earlier editing stages. Many authors believe this stage is redundant, but it is extremely important.

A fresh set of eyes can catch mistakes that have gone unnoticed—errors that a keen reader will likely notice and comment on. Professional proofreaders are trained to spot slip-ups like "from/form" mistakes and misplaced commas. They're embarrassment-avoidance heroes, and you'll thank them when you see what they corrected.

Often, published novels praised for their lack of errors have undergone thorough proofreading. Trust me—you won't regret working with a proofreader, especially if you're the kind of person who feels personally wounded by a spelling mistake in your book after you hit "Publish."

Now That I Know The 4 Types of Editing, How Do I Choose?

Time for introspection.

If you've had beta readers, consider their feedback and your own thoughts while answering these questions. If you answer "yes," the type of edit that may suit you is listed in brackets.

1. Is my manuscript too long or too short for my genre? (Consider a developmental edit or evaluation.)

2. Have readers commented on my pace lagging or not being able to connect with my characters? (Consider a developmental edit or evaluation.)

3. Have I received comments about my writing sounding too "amateur" or choppy? (Consider a stylistic edit.)

4. Do I struggle with punctuation and grammar? (Consider a copy edit.)

5. Is my writing solid, but I'm unsure if my premise and execution are strong? (Consider a developmental edit or evaluation.)

6. Do I have problems remaining consistent with descriptions and timelines? (Consider a stylistic edit or copy edit.)

7. Do I want to be traditionally published? (Consider a developmental edit or evaluation.)

8. Do I want only the bare minimum, for personal or budgetary reasons? (Consider a copy edit.)

   
   

Ultimately, the type of edit you choose depends on your goals and budget.

If you're wavering between two different services, don't hesitate to ask your editor. After reading a sample of your writing, they'll help you determine which service will be most beneficial for your book's success.

And if I'm lucky enough to be your editor, know this: I aim to be your go-to partner in this journey. I want to help you polish your manuscript to perfection, whether you're self-publishing or seeking an agent. Together, we can empower your writing and bring your diverse stories to life.